Although I have yet to read the cyberiad (it is on my list, yet not easy/cheap to find in my home country) I shall hazard a guess.
Currently we can blame our biological base motivations for what we do (and Golem XIV does that). Take for example the use of energy, we are profligate in our use and this potentially harmful to us in the future, yet I find it hard to blame people myself included. This because of our biological nature. Genes control our brains and reward us when we do things the easy way, to expend as little effort as possible in acheiving our goals (so more energy is available for procreating etc).
Now the control isn't complete so we can perform science and maths and other non-biologically inspired acts (we still get paid and food and mates so the biology is quiescent).
So it is feasible to think that at some point we will be able to cut off the biological control of the brain and replace it with something technological.
This you would then have different motivations, no longer would you desire warm environments and a full belly, and your friends around you. You would desire what you created the technological portion to want.
It is a qualitively different type of freedom. Probably a good example would be addictive drugs. An addict is free (morally, legally, energetically) to give up the drug he is addicted to. However he is not motivationally free.
The motivational freedom is the most fundemental as it impinges on most aspects of our brain and can always be blamed if other types of freedom are offered and desired, but not taken up.
The passage as it stands, however, gets into philosophical areas as far as I am concerned. If I change my motivational structures (and as a consequence a lot of what I do and want to do), am I the same person as the person that changed the motivational parts? If I am not then I can simply blame the old person who commited suicide creating the new being me, for having chosen foolish motivations
I wish the english translation of the dialogs was a little more advanced... to see what Stanislaw Lem thought on identity. I might have to learn polish too....
My view is that it has to be to do with your relationship and shared goals with other entities. Our sense of identity should be taken in an evolutionary context, and its purpose ascertained from that.